如何自定义媒体通知

François Beaufort
François Beaufort
GitHub

借助 Media Session API，网站可以让用户知道其浏览器中当前正在播放的内容并对其进行控制，而无需返回到启动相应媒体的页面。用户可通过自定义媒体通知中的元数据、媒体事件（如播放、暂停、跳转和曲目更改）来自定义用户体验。这些自定义功能适用于多种情境，包括桌面设备媒体中心、移动设备上的媒体通知，甚至穿戴式设备。

浏览器支持

  • 73
  • 79
  • 82
  • 15

来源

媒体会话上下文的屏幕截图。
桌面设备上的媒体中心、移动设备上的媒体通知，以及穿戴式设备。

当网站播放音频或视频时，用户会自动在移动设备上的通知栏中或桌面设备上的媒体中心收到媒体通知。浏览器会使用文档的标题和找到的最大图标图片，尽可能显示适当的信息。借助 Media Session API，您可以使用一些更丰富的媒体元数据（例如标题、音乐人姓名、专辑名称和海报图片）来自定义媒体通知，如下所示。

媒体会话接口图示。
移动设备上的媒体通知详解。

以下示例展示了如何创建自定义媒体通知以及响应基本媒体操作（例如播放和暂停）。

const video = document.querySelector("video");

navigator.mediaSession.metadata = new MediaMetadata({
  title: "Never Gonna Give You Up",
  artist: "Rick Astley",
  album: "Whenever You Need Somebody",
  artwork: [
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/96",  sizes: "96x96" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/128", sizes: "128x128" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/256", sizes: "256x256" },
    { src: "https://via.placeholder.com/512", sizes: "512x512" },
  ],
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", async () => {
  // Resume playback
  try {
    await video.play();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.name, err.message);
  }
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", () => {
  // Pause active playback
  video.pause();
});

video.addEventListener("play", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "playing";
});

video.addEventListener("pause", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "paused";
});

深入阅读

演示

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <link
      rel="icon"
      href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2290%22>📺</text></svg>"
    />
    <title>How to customize media notifications</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>How to customize media notifications</h1>
    <video controls playsinline src="https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/short.mp4"></video>
    <p>Credits: Media files are © copyright Blender Foundation | <a href="https://www.blender.org">www.blender.org</a>.</p>
  </body>
</html>

CSS


        :root {
  color-scheme: dark light;
}
html {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*:before,
*:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}
body {
  margin: 1rem;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
}
video {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  max-width: 100%;
}

JS


        const video = document.querySelector("video");

navigator.mediaSession.metadata = new MediaMetadata({
  title: "Caminandes 2: Gran Dillama - Blender Animated Short",
  artist: "Blender Foundation",
  artwork: [
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-96.png",  sizes: "96x96" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-128.png", sizes: "128x128" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-256.png", sizes: "256x256" },
    { src: "https://storage.googleapis.com/media-session/caminandes/artwork-512.png", sizes: "512x512" },
  ],
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", async () => {
  // Resume playback
  try {
    await video.play();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.name, err.message);
  }
});

navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", () => {
  // Pause active playback
  video.pause();
});

video.addEventListener("play", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "playing";
});

video.addEventListener("pause", () => {
  navigator.mediaSession.playbackState = "paused";
});