将 USB 应用移植到 Web 中。第 1 部分：libusb

~/w/d/libusb $ ls libusb/os
darwin_usb.c           haiku_usb_raw.h  threads_posix.lo
darwin_usb.h           linux_netlink.c  threads_posix.o
events_posix.c         linux_udev.c     threads_windows.c
events_posix.h         linux_usbfs.c    threads_windows.h
events_posix.lo        linux_usbfs.h    windows_common.c
events_posix.o         netbsd_usb.c     windows_common.h
events_windows.c       null_usb.c       windows_usbdk.c
events_windows.h       openbsd_usb.c    windows_usbdk.h
haiku_pollfs.cpp       sunos_usb.c      windows_winusb.c
haiku_usb_backend.cpp  sunos_usb.h      windows_winusb.h
haiku_usb.h            threads_posix.c
haiku_usb_raw.cpp      threads_posix.h

const struct usbi_os_backend usbi_backend = {
  "Windows",
  USBI_CAP_HAS_HID_ACCESS,
  windows_init,
  windows_exit,
  windows_set_option,
  windows_get_device_list,
  NULL,   /* hotplug_poll */
  NULL,   /* wrap_sys_device */
  windows_open,
  windows_close,
  windows_get_active_config_descriptor,
  windows_get_config_descriptor,
  windows_get_config_descriptor_by_value,
  windows_get_configuration,
  windows_set_configuration,
  windows_claim_interface,
  windows_release_interface,
  windows_set_interface_altsetting,
  windows_clear_halt,
  windows_reset_device,
  NULL,   /* alloc_streams */
  NULL,   /* free_streams */
  NULL,   /* dev_mem_alloc */
  NULL,   /* dev_mem_free */
  NULL,   /* kernel_driver_active */
  NULL,   /* detach_kernel_driver */
  NULL,   /* attach_kernel_driver */
  windows_destroy_device,
  windows_submit_transfer,
  windows_cancel_transfer,
  NULL,   /* clear_transfer_priv */
  NULL,   /* handle_events */
  windows_handle_transfer_completion,
  sizeof(struct windows_context_priv),
  sizeof(union windows_device_priv),
  sizeof(struct windows_device_handle_priv),
  sizeof(struct windows_transfer_priv),
};

#include <emscripten.h>
#include <emscripten/val.h>

#include "libusbi.h"

using namespace emscripten;

// …function implementations

const usbi_os_backend usbi_backend = {
  .name = "Emscripten + WebUSB backend",
  .caps = LIBUSB_CAP_HAS_CAPABILITY,
  // …handlers—function pointers to implementations above
  .device_priv_size = sizeof(val),
  .transfer_priv_size = sizeof(val),
};

// We store an Embind handle to WebUSB USBDevice in "priv" metadata of
// libusb device, this helper returns a pointer to it.
struct ValPtr {
 public:
  void init_to(val &&value) { new (ptr) val(std::move(value)); }

  val &get() { return *ptr; }
  val take() { return std::move(get()); }

 protected:
  ValPtr(val *ptr) : ptr(ptr) {}

 private:
  val *ptr;
};

struct WebUsbDevicePtr : ValPtr {
 public:
  WebUsbDevicePtr(libusb_device *dev)
      : ValPtr(static_cast<val *>(usbi_get_device_priv(dev))) {}
};

val &get_web_usb_device(libusb_device *dev) {
  return WebUsbDevicePtr(dev).get();
}

struct WebUsbTransferPtr : ValPtr {
 public:
  WebUsbTransferPtr(usbi_transfer *itransfer)
      : ValPtr(static_cast<val *>(usbi_get_transfer_priv(itransfer))) {}
};

EM_JS(EM_VAL, em_promise_catch_impl, (EM_VAL handle), {
  let promise = Emval.toValue(handle);
  promise = promise.then(
    value => ({error : 0, value}),
    error => {
      const ERROR_CODES = {
        // LIBUSB_ERROR_IO
        NetworkError : -1,
        // LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM
        DataError : -2,
        TypeMismatchError : -2,
        IndexSizeError : -2,
        // LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS
        SecurityError : -3,
        …
      };
      console.error(error);
      let errorCode = -99; // LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER
      if (error instanceof DOMException)
      {
        errorCode = ERROR_CODES[error.name] ?? errorCode;
      }
      else if (error instanceof RangeError || error instanceof TypeError)
      {
        errorCode = -2; // LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM
      }
      return {error: errorCode, value: undefined};
    }
  );
  return Emval.toHandle(promise);
});

val em_promise_catch(val &&promise) {
  EM_VAL handle = promise.as_handle();
  handle = em_promise_catch_impl(handle);
  return val::take_ownership(handle);
}

// C++ struct representation for {value, error} object from above
// (performs conversion in the constructor).
struct promise_result {
  libusb_error error;
  val value;

  promise_result(val &&result)
      : error(static_cast<libusb_error>(result["error"].as<int>())),
        value(result["value"]) {}

  // C++ counterpart of the promise helper above that takes a promise, catches
  // its error, converts to a libusb status and returns the whole thing as
  // `promise_result` struct for easier handling.
  static promise_result await(val &&promise) {
    promise = em_promise_catch(std::move(promise));
    return {promise.await()};
  }
};

int em_open(libusb_device_handle *handle) {
  auto web_usb_device = get_web_usb_device(handle->dev);
  return promise_result::await(web_usb_device.call<val>("open")).error;
}

// Store the global `navigator.usb` once upon initialisation.
thread_local const val web_usb = val::global("navigator")["usb"];

int em_get_device_list(libusb_context *ctx, discovered_devs **devs) {
  // C++ equivalent of `await navigator.usb.getDevices()`.
  // Note: at this point we must already have some devices exposed -
  // caller must have called `await navigator.usb.requestDevice(...)`
  // in response to user interaction before going to LibUSB.
  // Otherwise this list will be empty.
  auto result = promise_result::await(web_usb.call<val>("getDevices"));
  if (result.error) {
    return result.error;
  }
  auto &web_usb_devices = result.value;
  // Iterate over the exposed devices.
  uint8_t devices_num = web_usb_devices["length"].as<uint8_t>();
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < devices_num; i++) {
    auto web_usb_device = web_usb_devices[i];
    // …
    *devs = discovered_devs_append(*devs, dev);
  }
  return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
  // TODO: optimize this. Right now it will keep unwinding-rewinding the stack
  // on each short sleep until an event comes or the timeout expires.
  // We should probably create an actual separate thread that does signaling
  // or come up with a custom event mechanism to report events from
  // `usbi_signal_event` and process them here.
  double until_time = emscripten_get_now() + timeout_ms;
  do {
    // Emscripten `poll` ignores timeout param, but pass 0 explicitly just
    // in case.
    num_ready = poll(fds, nfds, 0);
    if (num_ready != 0) break;
    // Yield to the browser event loop to handle events.
    emscripten_sleep(0);
  } while (emscripten_get_now() < until_time);
#else
  num_ready = poll(fds, nfds, timeout_ms);
#endif

EM_JS(void, em_libusb_notify, (void), {
  dispatchEvent(new Event("em-libusb"));
});

EM_ASYNC_JS(int, em_libusb_wait, (int timeout), {
  let onEvent, timeoutId;

  try {
    return await new Promise(resolve => {
      onEvent = () => resolve(0);
      addEventListener('em-libusb', onEvent);

      timeoutId = setTimeout(resolve, timeout, -1);
    });
  } finally {
    removeEventListener('em-libusb', onEvent);
    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
  }
});

void usbi_signal_event(usbi_event_t *event)
{
  uint64_t dummy = 1;
  ssize_t r;

  r = write(EVENT_WRITE_FD(event), &dummy, sizeof(dummy));
  if (r != sizeof(dummy))
    usbi_warn(NULL, "event write failed");
#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
  em_libusb_notify();
#endif
}

double until_time = emscripten_get_now() + timeout_ms;
for (;;) {
  // Emscripten `poll` ignores timeout param, but pass 0 explicitly just
  // in case.
  num_ready = poll(fds, nfds, 0);
  if (num_ready != 0) break;
  int timeout = until_time - emscripten_get_now();
  if (timeout <= 0) break;
  int result = em_libusb_wait(timeout);
  if (result != 0) break;
}

emscripten)
  AC_SUBST(EXEEXT, [.html])
  # Note: LT_LDFLAGS is not enough here because we need link flags for executable.
  AM_LDFLAGS="${AM_LDFLAGS} --bind -s ASYNCIFY -s ASSERTIONS -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH -s INVOKE_RUN=0 -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=['callMain']"
  ;;